The Thyroid Gland

This text discusses synthesis and release of thyroid hormones; regulation of TH synthesis; functions of thyroid hormones; disorders of the endocrine system: iodine deficiency, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism; and calcitonin.

Topics

acromegaly
adenylyl cyclase
adrenal cortex
adrenal glands
adrenal medulla
adrenocorticotropic hormone
ACTH
alarm reaction
aldosterone
alpha cell
angiotensin-converting enzyme
antidiuretic hormone
ADH
atrial natriuretic peptide
ANP
autocrine
beta cell
calcitonin
chromaffin
colloid
cortisol
cyclic adenosine monophosphate
cAMP
delta cell
diabetes mellitus
diacylglycerol
DAG
downregulation
endocrine gland
endocrine system
epinephrine
erythropoietin
EPO
estrogens
exocrine system
first messenger
follicle-stimulating hormone
FSH
G protein
general adaptation syndrome
GAS
gigantism
glucagon
glucocorticoids
goiter
gonadotropins
growth hormone
GH
hormone
hormone receptor
hyperglycemia
hyperparathyroidism
hyperthyroidism
hypoparathyroidism
hypophyseal portal system
hypothalamus
hypothyroidism
infundibulum
inhibin
inositol triphosphate
IP3
insulin
insulin-like growth factors
IGF
leptin
luteinizing hormone
LH
melatonin
mineralocorticoids
neonatal hypothyroidism
norepinephrine
osmoreceptor
oxytocin
pancreas
pancreatic islets
paracrine
parathyroid glands
parathyroid hormone
PTH
phosphodiesterase
PDE
phosphorylation cascade
pineal gland
pinealocyte
pituitary dwarfism
pituitary gland
PP cell
progesterone
prolactin
PRL
protein kinase
second messenger
stage of exhaustion
stage of resistance
testosterone
thymosins
thymus
thyroid gland
thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH
thyroxine
triiodothyronine
upregulation
zona fasciculata
zona glomerulosa
zona reticularis
function of thyroid hormone
cretinism
iodine deficiency
T3
T4
tetraiodothyronine
TH synthesis
thyroid hormone