This AP® Biology content explores cell structure and function. In this pathway, learners will analyze cell size dynamics, organelles that reflect common ancestry, the secretory pathway, and complex structural interactions that contribute to maintaining an internal environment within the cell. Through an analysis of subcellular components, energy capturing structures, endosymbiotic organelles, and compartmentalization, learners will explore the structural differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and interpret how these features impact overall cellular function. AP® is a registered trademark of the College Board, which has not reviewed this resource.